Methodology

The working sequence is: question → sources → comparison → evidence → limitation → conclusion → wording.

Evidence before claim

A claim is not published because it sounds persuasive or comes from a well-known institution. A source must have an appropriate scope, method, and date.

Primary and secondary sources

Where practical, readers are brought closer to the original research, standard, archival record, or official document. A secondary source can explain context, but it must not inherit authority it does not have.

Disagreement and boundaries

Reliable sources may differ because of method, sample, definition, date, or purpose. Material disagreement is shown rather than hidden behind false certainty.

Accuracy and currentness

An accurate claim can become outdated. Currentness is assessed separately according to LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, or CRITICAL risk.

Evidence Policy · Terminology · AI and visual integrity · Corrections